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Indonesia remains reliant on fossil fuels, while its neighbours have begun their transition to clean, cheap electricity

Last Updated: 21 Apr 2026

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Key energy data for Indonesia

0.3x

Demand as a multiple of the global average

18%

Share of electricity from clean sources

0.5%

Share of electricity from solar and wind power

82%

Share of electricity from fossil fuels

0.5x

Power sector emissions per capita as a multiple of the global average

Indonesia generated 18% of its electricity from clean sources in 2024, well below the global average of 41%

In 2024, Indonesia relied on fossil fuels for 82% of its electricity. However, its power sector emissions per capita (0.9 tCO2e) were half the global average (1.8 tCO2e) in 2024, reflecting lower electricity consumption per person.

As one of Asia’s fast-growing economies, Indonesia has contributed to the rapid increase in the region’s electricity demand since 2000, alongside China, India and Viet Nam. However, Ember’s Electricity Data Explorer shows that 82% of Indonesia’s demand in 2024 was still met with fossil fuels.

Indonesia’s coal generation rose by 12 TWh in 2024, triple the increase recorded in Malaysia (+4 TWh), making it the fifth largest coal power generator globally. Coal continues to play a central role in Indonesia, with expansion plans still reflected in recent power development planning.

Indonesia’s largest source of clean electricity is hydro (7.4%). Its share of wind and solar (0.5%) is significantly below the global average in 2024 (15%) as well as neighbouring countries such as the Philippines (2.9% in 2024) and Thailand (4.4% in 2024).

As of March 2026, Indonesia was planning to expand renewable capacity to 23 GW by 2030, including 8 GW of solar, 3 GW of wind and 12 GW of hydro, bioenergy and other renewables. The government had also announced an ambition to deploy up to 100 GW of solar capacity within the next few years. The state-owned utility PLN’s power development plan for 2025-2034 outlines additional capacity deployment by technology, aligned with the government’s target of reaching a 34.3% renewable share in the energy mix by 2034.

Explore Indonesia’s power sector data.

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Explore Indonesia’s energy data

Data tools

Electricity Data Explorer

The latest electricity demand, generation, capacity and CO2 data by country, available freely and easily to help others speed up the electricity transition.

Last Updated: April 21, 2026

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2030 Global Renewable Target Tracker

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Coal Mine Methane Data Tracker

The latest coal mine methane emissions, projections, production data, and policy context by country, available freely and openly to accelerate global coal mine methane reduction efforts.

Last Updated: April 21, 2026

Anchor point: Insights

Our Work

Strengthening evidence for a faster energy transition and highlighting the benefits of scaling up renewables

Ember’s work on Indonesia examines how renewable energy and storage can improve power system flexibility, support a low-emission pathway and contribute to a just transition by empowering communities, strengthening local regions and enabling a more equitable distribution of resources.

Our team also analyses coal mine methane (CMM) emissions from Indonesia’s coal sector and explores practical pathways to reduce them. We focus on improving emissions transparency, strengthening measurement and reporting frameworks and identifying cost-effective mitigation strategies. Through this work, we aim to support climate ambition, enhance mine safety and operational efficiency and contribute to a just transition in coal-producing regions.

Commentary on Indonesia’s energy transition

Indonesia phasing out coal by 2040 requires ramping up renewables
Response to Indonesia’s Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) Progress Report 2025
Recommendation on CMM for Indonesia’s second NDC

The role of the grid is more than just moving electricity. In ASEAN, a stronger and interconnected grid can create a robust renewable energy market, connecting countries, uplifting communities, and bringing clean energy to the darkest corners. Grid upgrade, coupled with clean flexibility tools can better prepare ASEAN for a renewables-based future.

Dr Dinita Setyawati
‍Senior Energy Analyst, Ember

Recent announcements by the Indonesian government reflect a growing commitment to accelerating the country’s renewable energy deployment. Nonetheless, harmonised policies, greater incentives and consistent enforcement could help turn these ambitions into real progress. Then Indonesia’s great leap from coal to clean can begin to take shape.